盧沛樺、張玉佩

Peihua Lu & Yupei Chang

女性特質、女性運動員、性別差異政治、媒體再現、運動文化

female athletes, athletic culture, femininity, media representation, difference in feminist

「身體」做為運動員實踐所長與追求認同的利器，同時也是女性自我規訓、象徵符號與權力鬥爭的場域。本文將以性別認同為核心，探索女性運動員如何遊走於「運動場域的男性氣概」、「主流媒體再現的性別印象」之間，實踐性別差異政治之平權運動的可能。站在女性運動員的差異化政治立場下，本文「懸置」本質化的女性特質，透過女性運動員在主流媒體的再現形象與性別認同的訪談過程，梳理女性多元性別特質發展。
研究結果有二。首先，研究發現，父權價值體系下的女性運動員，存在著兩種基本典型，分別是「男性慾望客體」與「傳統家庭角色」，兩者同時共鳴於主流新聞媒體的報導與女性運動員的自我規訓。再者，由於女性運動員的培訓過程、人格特質與群體關係，衝擊著傳統性別差異的分類體系，也因此撼動二元對立的基礎框架，混淆純淨、單一、簡潔的性別特質，進而開啟從「單數化女性」走向「複數化女性」的賦權可能。

This research analyzes media images of female athletes to understand the general social perceptions surrounding them. Researchers have observed how female athletes manage conflict between athletic culture and feminine characteristics by describing identity trajectory formation. This research interviewed 12 senior female athletes and used narrative methodology to analyze 93 newspaper reports about the Australian Open Tennis Championship in 2008.
This study found that the media represents female athletes as sexual objects or in the role of daughters and mothers. These two images evoke identity conflicts experienced by female athletes on the athletic field. They hinder the achievements of female athletes in the area of body training and empower them to challenge negative feminine characteristics. These images do encourage female athletes to express individual experiences and identify professional achievements.