陳志賢

Chih-Hsien Chen

列維納斯、事實查核、倫理學、假新聞、第三者、臉龐

Levinas, fact-checking, ethics, fake news, the third, the face/visage

面對來勢洶洶的假新聞，列維納斯提供一種新的共處策略：以退為進，從本體論與認識論轉進至倫理學，先存而不論資訊的真實性，改先確定是否樹立「不丟臉」的倫理主體，以悅納異己、回應他者臉龐為前提，避免疲於應付層出不窮的事實查核爭議，也不致於啟人限縮言論自由的疑竇。在如此的倫理策略下，本文建議先藉由假新聞的挑戰反省新聞專業的盲點，再想像衍伸列維納斯與假新聞共處的可能，試圖策略性地制度化「不丟臉」的傳播溝通，化假新聞的危機為親炙他者的契機。

The primacy of the ethical relation to the Other proposed by Levinas may be an alternative strategy for managing the onslaught of fake news in today’s world. Instead of working on the levels of ontology and epistemology for fact-checking, Levinas prioritizes ethics and demands that communication be a response to the face of the Other, lest subjectivity become “de-faced.” Such a strategy may not only save people from becoming trapped in countless disputes surrounding fact-checking but also dispel the suspicion of a crackdown on freedom of speech. Journalistic practices of professionalism are proposed herein to be the best starting points from which to realize Levinas’s ideal encounters with various Others. This paper describes creative arrangements that can be made to transform the threat of fake news into an opportunity—that of approaching unfamiliar Others and institutionally sustaining ethical communication.